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Flecainide Tambocor ; . Propwfenone Rhythmol. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE -- sider when prescribing these TCAs include the coadministration of drugs that inhibit TCA metabolism such as the CYP2D6 inhibitor quinidine ; or drugs with QT-prolonging potential. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Mixed-Mechanism Antidepressants In general, the SSRIs and mixed-mechanism antidepressants or "non-SSRI antidepressants" ; have more favorable cardiovascular side-effect profiles compared to the TCAs and to the MAOIs. The SSRIs include citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline. The mixed-mechanism antidepressants include bupropion a dopamine-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor ; , venlafaxine and duloxetine serotonin-norepinephrine inhibitors ; , nefazodone and trazodone serotonin modulators ; , and mirtazapine a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant ; . The PRevention Of Suicide in Primary care ElderlyCollaborative Trial PROSPECT ; algorithm recommends using an SSRI as first-line therapy in elderly persons with depression, with citalopram chosen as the drug of choice based on its safety profile.47 SSRIs produce fewer cardiotoxic, anticholinergic, and antihistaminergic side effects than do the TCAs, 40 and are deemed safer choices for treating patients with ischemic heart disease.48 The SSRIs, however, are not free of cardiac side effects. Mild bradycardia has been documented with fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and paroxetine.40 Additionally, fluoxetine use in a prospective cohort of elderly patients was found to be associated with a statistically increased risk of syncope odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-3.5; P 0.02 ; .49 While case reports have also implicated SSRIs with arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, bradycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, and heart block, when taken in total, the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events appears to be very low.39 In three studies by Glassman et al44 looking at SSRI use fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine ; in patients with heart disease, no significant cardiovascular adverse events were seen, including blood pressure changes or orthostatic hypotension. Apparently, SSRIs do not negatively influence cardiac contractility44 or prolong the QT interval.48 Although more research is needed to clarify the issue, SSRIs appear to offer a generally safer alternative to the TCAs, especially for the elderly patient with cardiovascular disease. The non-SSRI antidepressants also are not free of certain side effects. Along with the sedating effects of trazodone, significant orthostatic hypotension makes this non-SSRI antidepressant a potentially less attractive drug for the elderly unless given at night, for example ; . Nefazodone may cause drug interactions through potent CYP3A4 inhibition see below ; .20 Although venlafaxine and bupropion are generally well tolerated, venlafaxine can cause blood pressure increase at higher doses 200 mg per day or more ; .50 The administration of newer antidepressants SSRIs and mixed-mechanism non-SSRIs ; that inhibit CYP enzymes necessary for the metabolism of coadministered drugs can lead to drug interactions. For example, paroxetine and fluoxetine are potent inhibitors of CYP2D6, which is responsible for the metabolism of many cardiovascular drugs, including calcium channel blockers diltiazem, nifedipine, and verapamil ; , beta blockers and type IC antiarrhythmics encainide, flecainide, mexiletine, and propafenone ; .39, 51, 52 The coadministration of a psychotropic drug that can inhibit CYP3A4, such as certain SSRIs eg, fluvoxamine or fluoxetine ; or the newer, non-SSRI antidepressant nefazodone, with a cardiovascular drug dependent upon CYP3A4 for metabolism such as several calcium channel blockers, statins, and some antiarrhythmics ; can potentially lead to significant drug interactions.52, 53 Interestingly, there may actually be a cardiovascular benefit to SSRI therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease and depression via an inhibitory effect on platelet activation, with subsequent antithrombotic protection against MI.54 This benefit, however, is still theoretical and as yet unproven. ANTIPSYCHOTICS Antipsychotics neuroleptics ; are used for treating psychotic disorders eg, schizophrenia and delusional disorders ; , as well as for, increasingly, the "off-label" treat.
Table 1. Drug-Disease Interactions and the Elderly High Severity Concerns Adapted from 2002 Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults: Considering Diagnoses or Conditions Considering Diagnosis or Condition Fick, et al, 2003.
CONFIDENCE INTERVALS SMOKED PAYMENT METHOD MEDICAID NONMEDICAID BEFORE PREGNANCY 24.3-32.3 15.2-22.2 DURING PREGNANCY 15.3-22.2 7.4-12.7 AT TIME OF SURVEY 21.2-28.8 11.8-18.3, because propafenone metabolism.

A plan can take a passive approach and include all drugs on formulary. In an active formulary approach, a plan includes many but not all drugs on the formulary in this example, drugs A through D would be formulary ; . A plan that takes a low-cost approach covers the generics and lowest-cost brands that meet clinical needs, which would include Drugs D and A in the example shown in Exhibit 21.
A: after being contacted and employed by the property owner, and after approval by health officials, bioclean makes a preliminary property and sampling assessment and rythmol.

Rythmol propafenone ; - these combined treatments may cause drug build up in the body, esp. 40 to help with the farming and domestic duties. While the situation slightly improved over this period in the context of how she had been ; she still had a sore face and hands when she next saw Dr Gorringe on 7 May. 186. 187. The Tribunal accepts Mrs Short's description of her state of her health during that period. On 7 May 1998 there was a fourth consultation. Mrs Short stated that at this consultation she explained to Dr Gorringe what had been happening and how terrible she felt. She said Dr Gorringe carried out the muscle testing procedure and expressed surprise at how much paraquat was still in her body, and at the condition of her hands, but continued to reassure her, telling her they were "on track". Mrs Short said Dr Gorringe did not examine her face. She said her skin was worse than it had ever been before and that while she had had patches of eczema on her arms before, it was never with such intensity. Her whole forearm was red, weepy and swollen. She received her eighth injection at this consultation. 188. Dr Gorringe did not challenge Mrs Short's description of what took place at this consultation except her statement that he did not examine her skin. 189. Mrs Short stated that over the next two weeks the situation did improve a little. She thought that, at last, she was getting better but there were days when her eyes were swollen and leaking, and her hands swollen and sore; some days she could work; while both her hands and face had dead skin on them she did not feel as sick as she had during the previous weeks and she managed to do some farm work. On 20 May she said the situation got bad again; her hands were sore and swollen; she had leaky eyes; she was itchy; her arms and neck were lumpy. She said she had not had eczema on her arms or neck for years before her consultations with Dr Gorringe and that she was in a worse condition than she had ever been but she was nearing the end of her 12-week course of paraquat injections and thought the end was in sight. 190. Dr Gorringe challenged her claim that she had not had eczema on her "arms or neck for years". The Tribunal notes from Mrs Short's medical records she had a flare of her eczema in June 1996 which involved her forearms and the sides of her neck ; . 191. On 21 May 1998 Mrs Short attended a fifth consultation. On this occasion Dr Gorringe administered the final injection. Again Mrs Short was muscle "tested" following which Dr and pyrazinamide, because side effects of propafenone. 1. Ramazzini B. Disease of Workers. New York: Hafner Publishing; 1964. Originally published 1713. 2. Clever LH. The forgotten majority: Health hazards in hospital support service personnel. Occup Health Nurs. 1983; 31: 2830.

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In future, the Indian market is expected to pursue its growth under the effect of consumption by a larger middle class. Consisting of 150 million individuals, it has an average per capita income of USD 1000 as against USD 400 for the rest of the population. It continues to grow, along with the demand for drugs. This helps us better understand the desire of NMNCs to assert or reassert ; their presence on the market after a significant. 4.10. It is vital that the attending Doctor obtains as much history as possible from the patient and other sources before medication is given, as the opportunity to make a diagnosis may be lost if the patient is sedated before an understanding of their mental state is reached. 4.11. The immediate safety of the patient, staff or others is of prime concern. 4.12. Non-psychiatric causes of behavioural disturbance should be considered and managed accordingly e.g. hypoglycaemia, delirium, drug alcohol intoxication. 4.13. In all cases the patient should be informed that medication is going to be given and why. 4.14. The patient should be given the opportunity to make an informed choice voluntarily whenever possible. The minimum effective dose of medication should be used. 4.15. If available any advance directives should be given due consideration, along with any carers or advocates views, and followed if deemed clinically appropriate. 5. PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENTS 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. Patients preference should be followed where documented in the care plan an advance directive ; , if clinically appropriate. BNF doses should normally be followed. When these are exceeded high dose protocols should be followed see Appendix 1 ; . In all circumstances the decision to exceed current BNF limits must be taken in consultation with a Consultant SpR and seroquel. Persistent AF, but this is not always described in detail. It is often not clear when patients first experienced AF or whether AF was persistent, and the frequencies of previous AF episodes and cardioversions are not uniformly described. Most controlled trials of antiarrhythmic drugs included few patients at risk of drug-induced HF, proarrhythmia, or conduction disturbances, and this should be kept in mind in applying the recommendations below. The AFFIRM substudy investigators found that with AF recurrence, if one is willing to cardiovert the rhythm and keep the patient on the same antiarrhythmic drug, or cardiovert the rhythm and treat the patient with a different antiarrhythmic drug, about 80% of all patients will be in sinus rhythm by the end of 1 y.570 8.3.1.3. Predictors of recurrent AF. Most patients with AF, except those with postoperative or self-limited AF secondary to transient or acute illness, eventually experience recurrence. Risk factors for frequent recurrence of paroxysmal AF more than 1 episode per month ; include female gender and underlying heart disease.741 In one study of patients with persistent AF, the 4-y arrhythmia-free survival rate was less than 10% after single-shock directcurrent cardioversion without prophylactic drug therapy.735 Predictors of recurrences within that interval included hypertension, age over 55 y, and AF duration longer than 3 mo. Serial cardioversions and prophylactic drug therapy resulted in freedom from recurrent AF in approximately 30% of patients, 735 and with this approach predictors of recurrence included age over 70 y, AF duration beyond 3 mo, and HF.735 Other risk factors for recurrent AF include LA enlargement and rheumatic heart disease. 8.3.2. General approach to antiarrhythmic drug therapy Before administering any antiarrhythmic agent, reversible precipitants of AF should be identified and corrected. Most are related to coronary or valvular heart disease, hypertension, or HF. Patients who develop HF in association with alcohol intake should abstain from alcohol consumption. Indefinite antiarrhythmic treatment is seldom prescribed after a first episode, although a period of several weeks may help stabilize sinus rhythm after cardioversion. Similarly, patients experiencing breakthrough arrhythmias may not require a change in antiarrhythmic drug therapy when recurrences are infrequent and mild. Beta-adrenergic antagonist medication may be effective in patients who develop AF only during exercise, but a single, specific inciting cause rarely accounts for all episodes of AF, and the majority of patients do not sustain sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic therapy. Selection of an appropriate agent is based first on safety, tailored to whatever underlying heart disease may be present, considering the number and pattern of prior episodes of AF.742 In patients with lone AF, a beta blocker may be tried first, but flecainide, propafenone, and sotalol are particularly effective. Amiodarone and dofetilide are recommended as alternative therapies. Quinidine, procainamide, and disopyramide are not favored unless amiodarone fails or is contraindicated. For patients with vagally induced AF, however, the anticholinergic activity of long-acting disopyramide makes it a relatively attractive theoretical choice. In that situation, flecainide and amiodarone represent secondary and tertiary treatment options, respectively, whereas.

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This material contains an active pharmaceutical ingredient with octanol water partition coefficient data that suggests that for environmental fate predictions the active pharmaceutical ingredient will not have the tendency to distribute into fats. PERSISTENCE DEGRADATION Hydrolysis This material contains an active pharmaceutical ingredient that has been shown to be chemically stable in water. Hydrolysis is unlikely to be a significant depletion mechanism. Half-Life, Neutral: Photolysis 1 Months, Measured, Deionized Water This material contains an active pharmaceutical ingredient that has been shown to be chemically unstable in water when exposed to light. Aqueous photolysis may be a significant depletion mechanism. Half-Life, Aqueous: UV Visible Spectrum: Biodegradation 2 to 200 Hours, Measured, Lake water 216 nm at pH and quinine. About us membership sign in · register news specialties critical care emergency department med surg oncology pediatrics perioperative student news careers in nursing student features financial aid student resources brent's law dear donna clinical clips drug news regions california dc va md florida greater chicago heartland midwest mountain west new england new jersey new york philadelphia tri-state south central southeast careers employer profiles resume travel nursing education self-study courses unlimited ce ce direct state requirements find ce certificates accreditation statement events career fairs seminars tours nursing excellence awards community nurse to nurse rn community calendar guest lecture recruiter top stories nurses lead way in correcting ethics breaches yacker tracker stops hospital noise pollution nurses help heal walter reed hospitals turn to lpns to fill staffing shortages protections emerge for rns who report unethical practices free e-zines sign up for our free e-zine and get nursing news delivered to your e-mail, for instance, propafenone 150. 340. SUBSTITUTED 4H-PYRAZOLO[1, 5-A]PYRIMIDIN-7-ONES AS HEPATITIS C VIRUS POLYMERASE INHIBITORS. Yongqi Deng 1, Janeta V. Popovici-Muller 1, Gerald W. Shipps Jr. 1, Kristin E. Rosner 1, Tong Wang 1, Patrick Curran 1, Alan B. Cooper 2, Viyyoor Girijavallabhan 2, Nancy Butkiewicz 2, and Mickey Cable 2. 1 ; NeoGenesis Pharmaceuticals, 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, Fax: 617-868-1515, ydeng neogenesis , 2 ; Schering-Plough Research Institute The hepatitis C virus HCV ; chronically infects approximately 3% of the world's population and is a leading cause of liver transplantation in the United States. HCV is a single stranded RNA virus in the Flaviviridae family. Its genome encodes for a polyprotein consisting of both structural, and nonstructural proteins such as NS3 protease and helicase ; and NS5B RNA dependent RNA polymerase RdRp . Although HCV RdRp is considered an ideal target for antiviral drugs, only a few inhibitors are known. The present paper describes an efficient synthetic route to substituted pyrazolo[1, 5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones and their biological evaluation in HCV polymerase biochemical assays. Combining the optimization results at C-6, C-5 and C-2 afforded several compounds with potent HCV polymerase inhibitory activity in biochemical RdRp assays and rebetol.

Try to learn the triggers for your irregular heartbeats and avoid them when possible eg, excessive caffeinated beverages, strenuous or excessive exercise ; . Avoid over-the-counter cold and asthma remedies, appetite suppressants, and antisleep preparations. These drugs are stimulants that can cause or aggravate irregular heartbeats, for example, fda. Prescriptions and prevent dispensing of the incorrect medication. Specifically, prescriptions for gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and analgesic anesthetic agents should be carefully evaluated before they are given to the patient because they have been shown in this study to be the most problematic. Furthermore, prescriptions written in residencybased practices should be reviewed for accuracy and content before being given to the patient. Reports made to the ASIPS reporting system regarding prescription issues have come from providers and staff within practices; however, a portion of these reports have been initiated by community pharmacists and patients, thus indicating that prescription and medication errors occur and are recognized throughout the entire prescription process. The ASIPS reporting system and the literature support data that pharmacists identify many potential medication errors, but it should not be expected that every adverse drug event can be caught given the volume of prescriptions and the complexity of individual patients and their health plans.3, 16 Twenty-one percent 21% ; of all the callbacks in our study involved clarifications of dosages. Prescribers need to be well informed of third party prescribing policies and more aware of appropriate prescription writing. To secure patient safety throughout the process, suggested interventions include electronic prescribing systems, readily accessible and accurate medication lists, and incorporating indications for drug therapy on the prescription. With most callbacks being related to prior authorizations and formulary issues, designing a system that would accommodate automatic substitutions while meeting legal requirements for dispensing has the potential to significantly decrease the extra time needed by practices and pharmacies to clarify straightforward substitutions. Robust, clinical-based, electronic solutions could potentially remedy many of the clinical types of clarifications, but the actual impact of such remedies should be further evaluated and ribavirin. Fourteen pfizer medicines lead their therapeutic categories -- and our newest medicines are taking aim at huge unmet medical needs.
Flacon avec 2, 0 ml d'eau distille ou dsionise. Laisser reposer pendant 30 minutes, puis mlanger par lgers retournements. Stable 30 jours aprs reconstitution + 2C + mois aliquots ; 20C. Se reporter la fiche technique du contrle SHBG pour les concentrations en nmol L L2KSH2: 1 jeu. L2KSH6: 2 jeux. Avant d'effectuer une calibration ou de passer des contrles, placer les tiquettes correspondant l'aliquot fournies avec le coffret ; sur des tubes en verre de sorte que les code-barres soient lisibles par le lecteur. Diluant chantillon SHBG L2SHZ * , L2SHZ4 ; Pour la dilution bord des chantillons de patients. Un flacon de solution concentre prte l'emploi ; , contenant une matrice tampon protines non humaines avec conservateur. Stable + 2C + pendant 30 jours aprs ouverture ou 6 mois aliquot ; 20C. * L2KSH2: 25 ml. L2KSH6: 55 ml. Les tiquttes code-barres sont fournies avec le Diluant. Avant utilisation, placer l'tiquette approprie sur un tube de 16 100 mm de faon que le code-barre puisse tre lu par le lecteur de l'appareil. L2KSH2: 3 tiquettes L2KSH6: 5 tiquettes and requip. He third mechanism used to assess a candidate's ability to practice in Ohio is a Jurisprudence examination compiled by the Board. This exam tests the candidate's knowledge regarding laws and regulations governing the legal distribution of drugs. This exam consists of 70 questions and candidates have 90 minutes to complete the exam. Pharmacological cardioversion Pharmacological cardioversion is often effective when initiated within seven days of onset of the arrhythmia.18 In general, class I and class III antiarrhythmic agents are commonly used for pharmacological cardioversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm. In a randomised trial comparing flecainide, propafenone, and amiodarone for cardioversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation, conversion to sinus rhythm occurred in 90%, 72%, and 64% of patients respectively.19 Class IC drugs flecainide and pr0pafenone ; should be avoided in patients with underlying ischaemic heart disease or impaired left ventricular function. Amiodarone can be used in such patients, although the time to conversion can range from days to weeks.20 Dofetilide and ibutilide, newer pure class III agents not currently licensed in the United Kingdom, can also be used for cardioversion.21 With the potential side effects of antiarrhythmic drugs, pharmacological cardioversion should be reserved for haemodynamically stable patients with symptoms. Electrical cardioversion Synchronised external direct current cardioversion is a safe procedure with success rates of 70-90%.22 It is used acutely in patients who are haemodynamically compromised or electively as an alternative to pharmacological cardioversion. Electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation is usually done under general anaesthesia but has more recently been done under conscious sedation. The current recommendation is to start at 200 J, increasing to 360 J if necessary.7 If this is unsuccessful, adjunctive antiarrhythmic treatment with class III agents such as dofetilide, sotalol, and amiodarone can help to restore sinus rhythm.23 24 and ropinirole and propafenone. Lasalocid is licensed for use in the prevention of coccidiosis in broilers and layer replacement chickens up to 16 weeks of age but not in laying hens. In 1996 the formulation of this product was changed from a powder to a granular form because it was believed that contamination of eggs arose from the carry over of lasalocid in the vitamin and mineral supplement for use in animal feeds. Following this, the overall incidence of lasalocid residues in eggs has dropped from 10.7% in 1994 to 1.1% in 1998 two out of 175 ; . Two battery egg samples contained residues of lasalocid at concentrations of 43 and 60 g kg. Toxicologists from DH JFSSG and the VMD have advised that this concentration did not pose a risk to human health. The SVS concluded that the method of unloading of feed at the farm was the likely source of residue. This has now changed and is in line with the UKASTA Code of Practice.
This did not stop major newspapers, however, from featuring articles on their front pages stating that reduced-fat diets provide no health benefits and tretinoin. Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Health ; for the generous supply of [3H]H12-HTX. We thank Dr. J. E. Warnick Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine ; for his help during the initial part of this research, Ms. Mabel A. Zelle and Mrs. Lauren Aguayo for their excellent technical assistance and computer programing and analysis, and Mrs. Margaret Shimkaveg for her careful typing ofthis manuscript. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant DA-03303 and U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Contract DAMD. A number of agents may maintain sinus rhythm . The use of betaadrenergic agents may be effective in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation although the effects may be related to the conversion of symptomatic atrial fibrillation into asymptomatic atrial fibrillation ; . W ith the exception of the beta-adrenergicblocking agents, most antiarrhythmic drugs carry a risk of serious adverse effects. Antiarrhythmic therapy should be chosen on the basis of the patient's underlying cardiac condition. Antiarrhythmic agents classified according to the Vaughn W illiams system as class IC are reserved to treat patients without a structural cardiac abnormality, Agents in classes IA and III should be avoided by patients with prolongation of the QT interval or left ventricular hypertrophy because of the potential for torsades de pointes. On the one hand, amiodarone, which has a low risk of proarrhythmia less than 1 percent per year ; , causes substantial noncardiac toxic effects and is therefore generally reserved for second-line therapy except in the treatment of patients with severe cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, it is the most effective antifibrillatory agent; in one trial, 65 percent of patients treated with amiodarone were free from recurrence after 16 months of therapy as compared with 37 percent of those who were treated with propafenone.
Todd's life is his work, his work being the education about and propagation of an herb he personally knows to ease suffering and save lives. Todd is a good person on an important mission. Todd has a compassionate heart. He also has a body broken by government incompetence--the same government that wants to put him in prison for treating the pain that the government inflicted on him in the first place; the same government that has prevented him from using his medicine of choice for a year now, and so he suffers daily. And Todd is but one example of what the War on Drugs hath wrought. In going through material about Todd to write this Introduction, I came across the transcript for Politically Incorrect the night Todd appeared as a guest. The host and creator of the show, the marvelous Bill Maher, dedicated the entire show to one topic, medical marijuana. I thought there was no better way to introduce Todd than to print the verbatim transcript of.

Controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. Lancet 1999; 354: 1896 Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials 1996; 17: 112. Shapira OM, Xu A, Vita JA, et al. Nitroglycerin is superior to diltiazem as a coronary bypass conduit vasodilator. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 117: 906 Amano J, Suzuki A, Sunamori M, Tofukuji M. Effect of calcium antagonist diltiazem on renal function in open heart surgery. Chest 1995; 107: 1260 Babin-Ebell J, Keith PR, Elert O. Efficacy and safety of low-dose propranolol versus diltiazem in the prophylaxis of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia after coronary artery bypass grafting. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1996; 10: 4126. Colson P, Medioni P, Saussine M, et al. Hemodynamic effect of calcium channel blockade during anesthesia for coronary artery surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1992; 6: 424 Davison R, Hartz R, Kaplan K, Parker M, Feiereisel P, Michaelis L. Prophylaxis of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia after coronary bypass surgery with oral verapamil: a randomized, double-blind trial. Ann Thorac Surg 1985; 39: 336 Donegani E, Costa P, De Paulis R, et al. Myocardial protection by perioperative diltiazem drip: a clinical evaluation. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1986; 34: 168 Ferraris VA, Ferraris SP, Gilliam H, Berry W. Verapamil prophylaxis for postoperative atrial dysrhythmias: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study using drug level monitoring. Ann Thorac Surg 1987; 43: 530 Hannes W, Fasol R, Zajonc H, et al. Diltiazem provides anti-ischemic and anti-arrhythmic protection in patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1993; 7: 239 Hannes W, Seitelberger R, Christoph M, et al. Effect of peri-operative diltiazem on myocardial ischaemia and function in patients receiving mammary artery grafts. Eur Heart J 1995; 16: 8793. Hirnle T, Stachurski A, Negrusz-Kawecka M, Halawa B, Bross T. Myocardial protection during coronary artery by-pass surgery with nitroglycerin or diltiazem. Kardiol Pol 2000; 52: 27784. Keilich M, Kulinna C, Seitelberger R, Fasol R. Postoperative follow-up of coronary artery bypass patients receiving calcium antagonist diltiazem. Int J Angiol 1997; 6: 8 Lassnigg A, Wutte M, Grubhofer G, et al. Diltiazem versus nitroglycerin for myocardial protection following coronary artery bypass grafting as assessed by dobutamine stress echocardiography. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2001; 113: 439 Lischke V, Probst S, Behne M, Dietrich HA. Prevention of myocardial ischemia: study following aortocoronary bypass operation with the calcium antagonist diltiazem. Anaesthesist 1995; 44: 92100. Malhotra R, Mishra M, Kler TS, Kohli UM, Mehta Y, Trehan N. Cardioprotective effects of diltiazem infusion in the perioperative period. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1997; 12: 420 Schoneberger A, Raschka C, Reifart N, Hoffmann S, Satter P. A comparative study of verapamil and propafen9ne in the prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Herz Kreislauf 1992; 24: 94 Seitelberger R, Hannes W, Gleichauf M, et al. Effects of diltiazem on perioperative ischemia, arrhythmias, and myocardial function in patients undergoing elective coronary bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 107: 81121. Shapira OM, Alkon JD, Macron DS, et al. Nitroglycerin is preferable to diltiazem for prevention of coronary bypass conduit spasm. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 70: 8838. Smith EE, Shore DF, Monro JL, Ross JK. Oral verapamil fails to prevent supraventricular tachycardia following coronary artery surgery. Int J Cardiol 1985; 9: 3744. Tschirkov A, Mishev B, Natschev G, Petkov R, Alexandro V, Jurukova Z. Perioperative myocardial protection with the calcium antagonist diltiazem. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1992; 6: 22535. Williams DB, Misbach GA, Kruse AP, Ivey TD. Oral verapamil for prophylaxis of supraventricular tachycardia after myocardial revascularization. J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg 1985; 90: 5926. Zanardo G, Michielon P, Rosi P, et al. Effects of a continuous diltiazem infusion on renal function during cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1993; 7: 7116. Provides a practical overview of the history, theory, and practice of pharmaceutical dosage form dissolution testing to support quality assurance, as required by USP General Chapter 711 . Intended for those performing dissolution testing in the lab, and those reviewing dissolution data in a QC product development environment. Offered in either a 1-day format lecture only ; or a 2-day format 1-day of lecture theory and 1-day of practical hands-on laboratory and rythmol.