The results of this analysis are shown in Table 1. A diagnosis of hypertension based on the average of one, two or three measurements has a low Positive Predictive Value in persons under 35. In other words the majority of persons who are diagnosed as hypertensive in this age group are truly normotensive. Why is this? The reason is simple. Only 4% of individuals in this age group are truly eligible for treatment, however on any single occasion 10% will have a measured blood pressure above the treatment threshold. In addition, because their blood pressures are near the treatment threshold, not all of those truly eligible for treatment are correctly identified. Even when a diagnosis of hypertension is based on the mean of six measurements, a significant minority of young adults will be incorrectly diagnosed as hypertensive. This misdiagnosis is important The converse is true for persons over 75: 31% are truly not eligible for treatment, but on any single occasion 35% have blood.
Int clin psychopharmacol 2000, 15 : 23-2 pubmed abstract publisher full text weisler rh, ahearn ep, davidson jr, wallace cd: adjunctive use of olanzapine in mood disorders: five case reports.
Severe headache that resulted in a protocol violation. The age range of the 29 subjects was 21 to 65 with an average age of 42. At baseline, twenty-two subjects fulfilled IHS diagnostic criteria for migraine without aura IHS 1.1 ; and 7 met criteria for migraine with aura IHS 1.2 ; . All 29 subjects treated a migraine in the mild headache phase with GelStat Migraine 17 29 59% ; reported additional associated symptoms nausea, light or sound sensitivity ; at the time of initiating treatment. The length of time between onset of pain and dosing with study medication varied from treatment at onset to11 hours following onset with a median dosing time of 20 minutes after onset of pain. Reasons for delaying treatment included "wanted to make sure it was a migraine" or "hoped it would go away" and a lengthy auralike symptom without significant pain. 21 29 72% ; subjects took a second treatment of medication two 2ml doses ; after one hour, 2 21 were pain-free but still took the additional dose because they were experiencing associated symptoms. 13 29 45% ; subjects took additional rescue medication within the 24 hour period. Two hours after initial treatment, 14 29 48% ; subjects were pain-free and 10 29 34% ; reported mild headache severity. 5 29 17% ; reported the headache had progressed to moderate severity Figure 1 ; . 8 28% ; subjects experienced associated symptoms nausea, light and sound sensitivity ; at 2 hours following initial treatment. At 2 hours, 13 18 72% ; subjects experiencing unilateral pain at Baseline were symptom-free, 6 11 55% ; subjects experiencing sound sensitivity at Baseline were symptom-free, 8 15 53% ; subjects experiencing light sensitivity at Baseline were symptom-free, 4 8 50% ; subjects experiencing nausea at Baseline were symptom-free, 5 11 45% ; subjects experiencing headache worsened by activity were symptom-free, and 4 10 40% ; subjects experiencing a pulsating quality at Baseline were symptom-free Figure 2 ; . Of subjects pain-free at 2 hours, 4 14 29% ; had return of headache during the 24 hours following initial treatment 2 4 reported recurrence to moderate headache severity and 2 4 returned to mild pain. ; 4 subjects experienced an increase in pain between 2 and 24 hours, 2 4 worsened to severe intensity and 2 4 worsened to moderate intensity.
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BWC CONF.VI 3 pgina 77 Confidence-building measures Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay 383. Confidence-building measures are necessary for better and more effective implementation of the provisions of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological Biological ; and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction the Biological Weapons Convention ; . 384. Confidence-building measures prevent and reduce areas of ambiguity through greater transparency, and can be useful in carrying out a structured analysis of a compliance regime. 385. In order to achieve the desired improvement of such measures, States parties are invited to consider the following recommendations within the framework of their annual meetings, assisted by the Support Unit: i ; ii ; iii ; iv ; Provision of assistance and cooperation to States parties, when requested, in devising, presenting and implementing confidence-building measures; Review of existing measures and their format; Development of guidelines for enhancement of their implementation; Examination of the desirability of creating new forms with a more readable format, independently of the language in which the forms are presented, and of making them available in electronic format; Devising of new measures, where necessary; Study of the possibility of establishing a panel of governmental experts to assist in the duties mentioned above, among other tasks.
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Fewer patients receiving olanzapine 14% ; than lithium 23% ; required inpatient admission for relapse.
Quetiapine for agitated patients because of well-known side effects with some of the other antipsychotic medications. For instance, risperidone and olanzapine boost the risk of a stroke. "Our results suggest that quetiapine should not be used as an alternative treatment to risperidone or olanzapine in people with dementia, and highlight concerns regarding the long-term use of antipsychotics in these patients, " they conclude and
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Als predisposed to metabolic disorders related to autonomic dysregulation, treatment with antimuscarinic SGAs that can exacerbate insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia 34, 35 ; may further tip this balance by reducing islet compensation and thereby precipitating hyperglycemia or diabetes. Such drug-induced loss of -cell function could play an important role in the development of acute ketoacidosis occasionally reported in olanzapine- or clozapine-treated patients 6 9 ; . Our finding that these compounds do not modify glucose-stimulated insulin release is consistent with the clinical observation that olanzapine does not affect insulin secretion under hyperglycemic clamp conditions in healthy subjects 36 ; . It important to note that clinical tests, which use intravenous glucose infusions instead of oral glucose or a meal challenge, do not elicit vagal, i.e., cholinergic, stimulation of insulin secretion 32 ; and are thus inadequate to demonstrate interference by antimuscarinics such as olanzapine. It has been reported that many pathophysiologic conditions, including schizophrenia 37 ; , have an altered autonomic balance and are thus likely to have a changed dependency on cholinergic input. Reports on -cell function in schizophrenics treated with olanzapine or clozapine have been limited to date, and further study is required. Besides directly affecting -cell function, it is possible that the antimuscarinic activities of olanzapine and clozapine might interfere with glucose utilization in other target tissues. In the liver, for example, release of acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerve endings has been shown to increase hepatic glucose uptake in preclinical models 38 ; , while in contrast, activation of adrenergic receptors via the sympathetic nerves increases glucose output from the liver 39 ; . The presence of a high-affinity antimuscarinic agent could block the parasympathetic pathway, resulting in a shift toward increased hepatic glucose output, mimicking the effects of parasympathetic neuropathy, which has been suggested to contribute to increased hepatic glucose production 40 ; and insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetic subjects 41 ; . In addition, it should be noted that the increased diabetes risk is not limited to the newer SGAs with antimuscarinic properties, since chlorpromazine, the first-generation antipsychotic introduced in the 1950s, also has affinity for muscarinic receptors 42 ; , and has been associated with the development of diabetes in schizophrenic patients 43 45 ; . Chlorpromazine is a moderately potent antagonist at human and rat muscarinic M3 receptors results not shown ; , and further studies are needed to characterize its effects on insulin release. While we have focused on the antimuscarinic properties of olanzapine and clozapine, it is clear that additional mechanisms contribute to the increased diabetic liability of olanzapine and clozapine. One of the possible mechanisms that may work in synergy with muscarinic antagonist activity is 5-HT2A receptor antagonism. It has been demonstrated that glucose uptake into skeletal muscle, which is responsible for a large portion of glucose clearance, can be enhanced through a recently described pathway involving agonist activation of 5-HT2A receptors 46 ; . Since most antipsychotics are high-affinity antagonists at this receptor, the combination of 5-HT2A antagonism and antimuscarinic properties could increase their.
S a health-conscious person if you thought that tobacco plant was a curse who would blame you? Yet, for a world starved by the limited number of available oil seed crops, the seeds of the tobacco plant Nicotianan Tabacum ; appear to hold great promise. The nutritional value of the tobacco seed oil has been found to be better than groundnut and cotton seed oils and comparable to safflower oil. Refined tobacco seed oil is also used as edible oil in some European countries. Tobacco cultivars can give a good oil yield of 432.9 kg ha. The percentage composition of meals obtained from tobacco seeds shows fat, raw protein and ash content similar to those meals obtained from other common oil bearing seeds. Also the high fiber content makes these meals similar to those Contd. on pg 8 ; February 2005 and
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This study aimed to compare the subjective quality of life and attitudes to medication between groups of patients with schizophrenia taking either olanzapine or traditional antipsychotic medication.
Some conditions may become worse when the medication is abruptly stopped and trileptal.
IDENTIFICATION OF MEDICAL TEAM AND MEDICAL AREA: The entire medical team must be properly identified so that in an emergency situation a team member is highly visible. For example, physicians may be specifically identified by the initials "M.D." on the visor of a cap or on a T-shirt. This identification is important to ensure that no time is wasted deciding who is handling the emergency. The public also needs to know that the emergency is being handled by appropriately trained personnel. The Medical Tent must be clearly identified by appropriate signs. All race volunteers, officials, marshals, police officers, etc. should be aware of its location, for instance, olanzapine anxiety.
2. Egger J, Brett EM: Effects of sodium valproate in 100 children with special reference to weight. Br Med J 1981; 283: 577581 Allison DB, Mentore JL, Heo M, Chandler LP, Cappelleri JC, Infante MC, Weiden PJ: Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis. J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 16861696 Sachs GS, Guille C: Weight gain associated with use of psychotropic medications. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60 suppl 21 ; : 1619 5. Sikich L, Williamson K, Malekpour A, Bashford R, Sheitman B, Liberman J: Double-blind comparison of haloperidol, risperidone, and olanzapine in psychotic youth, in Scientific Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Washington, DC, AACAP, 1999, p 136 6. Velazquez EM, Mendoza S, Hammer T, Sosa F, Glueck CJ: Metformin therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome reduces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and systolic blood pressure, while facilitating normal menses and pregnancy. Metabolism 1994; 43: 647654 Velazquez EM, Mendoza SG, Wang P, Glueck CJ: Metformin therapy is associated with a decrease in plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, lipoprotein a ; , and immunoreactive insulin levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism 1997; 46: 454457 Glueck CJ, Fontaine RN, Wang P, Subbiah MT, Weber K, Illig E, Streicher P, Sieve-Smith L, Tracy TM, Lang JE, McCullough P: Metformin reduces weight, centripetal obesity, insulin, leptin, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in nondiabetic, morbidly obese subjects with body mass index greater than 30. Metabolism 2001; 50: 856861 Obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in black and white girls: the NHLBI Growth and Health Study. J Public Health 1992; 82: 16131620 SAS STAT User's Guide, version 8. Cary, NC, SAS Institute, 2000 11. Lustig R: Childhood obesity, in A Current Review of Pediatric Endocrinology 1999. Rockland, Mass, Serono Symposia, 1999, pp 133139 12. Lenhard JM, Liewer SA, Paulik MA, Plunket KD, Lehmann JM, Weiel JE: Effects of troglitazone and metformin on glucose and lipid metabolism: alteration of two distinct molecular pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 1999; 54: 801808 and oxytetracycline.
However, if she takes anti-hiv drug therapy while she is pregnant, the risk of her passing the virus to her baby is much lower – in some cases as low as 2, because olanzapine patient information.
Table 5-76: Approximate UPS Efficiency, by Technology from Madsen, 2001 ; Technology Standby Interactive On-Line Efficiency Range 90 95% 90 Efficiency Used 92.5% 82.5% Comments and paroxetine.
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In a 1999 study of 30, 000 grade school kids in virginia, published in the american journal of public health, researchers found 17 percent of caucasian boys, 9 percent of african-american boys, 7 percent of caucasian girls, and 3 percent of african-american girls were diagnosed with adhd and prandin.
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Must state brand as different formulations salts are not interchangeable Not for use in the management of agitation in dementia or delirium C Oro-dispersible can be considered for compliance issues Clinical Guidance on Schizophrenia CG1; NICE Technology Appraisal Guideline No 66 Bipolar disorder - newer drugs Olanzwpine and Risperidone initiation in secondary care GPs can continue prescribing Olnazapine for bipolar disorder - initiation in secondary care. GPs can continue prescribing Lithium ESCA is being developed by B&S MHT Prodigy: Schizophrenia Birmingham Mental Health Trust guidelines on antipsychotics : nww.pctnet.wmids.nhs z internet hob schz guidelines default ; Drug Tariff prices and repaglinide and olanzapine.
Other Events Observed with Okanzapine or Fluoxetine Monotherapy The following adverse events were not observed in SYMBYAX-treated patients during premarketing clinical studies but have been reported with ilanzapine or fluoxetine monotherapy: aplastic anemia, cholestatic jaundice, diabetic coma, dyskinesia, eosinophilic pneumonia, erythema multiforme, hepatitis, idiosyncratic hepatitis, jaundice, neutropenia, priapism, pulmonary embolism, rhabdomyolysis, serotonin syndrome, serum sickness-like reaction, sudden unexpected death, suicidal ideation, vasculitis, venous thromboembolic events including pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis ; , violent behaviors. Random cholesterol levels of 240 mg dL and random triglyceride levels of 1000 mg dL have been reported. DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE Controlled Substance Class -- SYMBYAX is not a controlled substance. Physical and Psychological Dependence -- SYMBYAX, as with fluoxetine and olanzapine, has not been systematically studied in humans for its potential for abuse, tolerance, or physical dependence. While the clinical studies did not reveal any tendency for any drug-seeking behavior, these observations were not systematic, and it is not possible to predict on the basis of this limited experience the extent to which a CNS-active drug will be misused, diverted, and or abused once marketed. Consequently, physicians should carefully evaluate patients for history of drug abuse and follow such patients closely, observing them for signs of misuse or abuse of SYMBYAX e.g., development of tolerance, incrementation of dose, drug-seeking behavior ; . In studies in rats and rhesus monkeys designed to assess abuse and dependence potential, olanza0ine alone was shown to have acute depressive CNS effects but little or no potential of abuse or physical dependence at oral doses up to 15 rat ; and 8 monkey ; times the MRHD 20 mg ; on a mg m2 basis. OVERDOSAGE SYMBYAX During premarketing clinical studies of the olanzzapine fluoxetine combination, overdose of both fluoxetine and olanzapine were reported in five study subjects. Four of the five subjects experienced loss of consciousness 3 ; or coma 1 ; . No fatalities occurred.
| History of OlanzapineHowever, clozapine and olanzapine may have some heart risks that are not as great as with other atypicals and pravastatin.
4.5.6.1 The intramuscular IM ; preparations recommended for use in rapid tranquillisation are lorazepam, haloperidol and olanzapine. Wherever possible, a single agent is preferred to a combination. C ; When rapid tranquillisation is urgently needed, a combination of IM haloperidol and IM lorazepam should be considered. C ; Intramuscular diazepam is not recommended for the pharmacological control of behavioural disturbances in people with schizophrenia. C ; Intramuscular chlorpromazine is not recommended for the pharmacological control of behavioural disturbances in people with schizophrenia. C ; When using IM haloperidol or any other IM conventional antipsychotic ; as a means of behavioural control, an anticholinergic agent should be given to reduce the risk of dystonia and other extrapyramidal side-effects. C.
Providers Advisory Forum Provider representatives requested greater beneficiary access to drugs, more granularity in the MGs, and further clarification of which drugs are covered under Medicare Part B or Part D. Discussion In the nursing home setting, drugs once covered under Part B are now covered under Part D, but may not be included in the MGs. o A nursing home is a long-term care facility. Drugs for Medicare beneficiaries in nursing homes are covered under Medicare Part A. Some confusion exists despite the clarification by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services CMS ; . o Drugs administered by practitioners who provide skilled nursing services therapy of 5 hours per week, 1 hour per day, for 30 consecutive days ; in the patient's home or a nursing home are covered under Part D. Part A applies to the daily rate charged by a nursing home for a patient. There was concern about the absence of a USP committee focusing exclusively on geriatrics. When restructuring committees for the 20052010 cycle, an attempt was made to include a member with geriatrics expertise on each of the Information Expert Committees. Review of New FDA Approved Part DEligible Drug, Paliperidone It was noted that the FDA only approved 18 new drugs in 2006. Other approvals were for new dosage forms or new indications for existing drugs. Paliperidone is the major active metabolite of risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic. It prevents relapses and can be taken without regard to food intake. It has a low capacity for drug interactions and has similar side effects as other drugs for the same indication. It is marketed as extended-release tablets to allow once-daily dosing, which may improve compliance. Nothing remarkable about this agent would require creation of a new category or class; it will fit into the "Antipsychotics" therapeutic category and "Atypicals" pharmacologic class. Discussion Short-term efficacy of paliperidone has been established in controlled trials with olanzapine. A representative of the manufacturer of paliperidone has said that the drug would be a delayed absorption agent for the treatment of schizophrenia. The FDA categorizes paliperidone as a new molecular entity. It is part of a protected class of drugs, so plans will be forced to cover it whether or not it is included in the MGs. It is not clear whether this active metabolite of risperidone is a racemate. The recommended dosage of risperidone is between 4 and 8 mg per day. The recommended dosage of paliperidone is 3 to mg per day. Studies have not compared paliperidone to risperidone. A side-by-side table comparing the incidence of side effects of paliperidone to those of risperidone would be helpful. Other active metabolites resulting from industry research may be marketed in this way in the future. The available evidence does not indicate that paliperidone has a different pharmacologic effect beyond risperidone. It does not warrant creation of a new FKDT but should be listed as an example in the "Atypicals" pharmacologic class. It was the general consensus of the MGEC that paliperidone should be placed in the drug list table as an example of an atypical antipsychotic. Review of Public Comments on Draft Model Guidelines Version 3.0 The MGEC reviewed the public comments received between November 10th and December 10th 2006. In depth MGEC decisions and rationale are included in the attached document, "Public Comments on Model Guidelines Version 3.0". Cardiology Comment Supported inclusion of "Alpha-betaadrenergic Blocking Agents", "Cardioselective Beta-adrenergic Blocking Agents", and MGEC Response Acknowledged support.
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The hematological effects of olanzapine have been scrutinized in several trials, none of which have found any evidence of hemotoxicity, or effects different from placebo in this regard.
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Overall, however, at the first stage of the mania hypomania algorithm, monotherapy with lithium, divalproex sodium or olanzapine is generally recommended.
The Center has pioneered using international human rights law and legal mechanisms to secure women's reproductive rights and access to quality reproductive health care. We are the world's only organization of human rights lawyers focusing exclusively on reproductive rights. In 2003, in partnership with national-level advocates and organizations, our International Program engaged in fact-finding, training, technical assistance, research, and litigation aimed at pressuring governments to live up to their obligations to women under inter-national treaties. Our work encompasses women's right to abortion, safe pregnancy, adolescents' rights, voluntary access to contraception, and prevention of practices harmful to women's health such as female circumcision female genital mutilation and child marriage. Over the last decade, we have assisted over one hundred organizations in 45 countries in using legal strategies to strengthen reproductive rights. We filed groundbreaking legal cases in the inter-American human rights system and in the United Nations Human Rights Committee and won favorable interpretations of international human rights law from both the UN and regional human rights bodies. Our Women of the World series has documented the reproductive laws and policies of 35 countries and set the baseline for legal advocacy projects. Our fact-finding reports on violations in countries as diverse as Mali, Slovakia, and El Salvador are used by international bodies investigating reproductive rights abuses.
With improvement, but started refusing to have his blood drawn weekly. His neurologist switched the medication to olanzapine 5 mg at bedtime, but Mr. P became more rigid and was no longer able to toilet himself. His daughter reluctantly placed him in a nursing home. Mr. P was found to be very regressed and withdrawn following nursing home admission, and olanzapine was discontinued. He received physical therapy and became ambulatory with a walker. He began complaining of hearing people talking and laughing about him, and was very distressed by these hallucinations, often yelling "Shut Up!" and "Stop!" throughout the night. Mr. P was started on quetiapine 25 mg at bedtime with some improvement in his hallucinations and sleep pattern. The dose was increased to 50 mg after 2 weeks. His hallucinations resolved and he slept well at night. His motor function remained stable. Mr. P was eventually transferred to an assisted-living facility located next door to the nursing home, where he has his own apartment with support services. Patients with Parkinson's disease who are treated with levodopa and other agents, such as dopamine agonists, frequently develop psychotic symptoms, particularly hallucinations. The treatment of psychosis in Parkinson's disease is complicated by the potential for all antipsychotic agents to worsen motor functioning. Fernandez and colleagues26, 27 studied a group of 87 patients with Parkinson's disease using quetiapine in doses of 50-75 mg per day. They described significant improvement in 70 of the 87 patients. Sedation and motor deterioration were limiting factors.26 In addition, 10 out of 11 patients who suffered from Lewy body dementia displayed improvement with low-dose quetiapine treatment.27 Reddy et al28 found improvement in psychotic symptoms among 80% of patients with Parkinson's disease who were treated with a mean dose of 54 mg per day of quetiapine. Half.
1. 2. 3. compound which is an olanzapine dihydrate. A compound of Claim 1 wherein the dihydrate is an intermediate for preparing Form II olanzapine. A compound of Claim 1 wherein the dihydrate is crystalline Dihydrate B olanzapine polymorph having a typical x-ray powder diffraction pattern as represented by the following interplanar spacings d ; as set forth in Table 2 [omitted].
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Oral olanzapine was rated very similarly to risperidone, with slightly higher ratings than risperidone in situations where it has been studied e, g.
Single layer of cells in the gastrointestinal tract, called the epithelial barrier, is all that stands in the way of nasty toxins and bacteria from infiltrating the body and causing havoc. That barrier breaks down with intestinal inflammatory bowel disease. When that happens, the body's immune system kicks in and all hell breaks loose. Researchers know that the weakening of the epithelial barrier plays a significant role in the onset or relapse of IBD, and research suggests that that barrier function can be effected by immune system proteins called cytokines. Department of Medicine professor Karen Madsen is examining the role these tiny proteins play in the activation of an enzyme called poly-ADP-ribose polymerase. It turns out that this enzyme uses up energy like a "hungry pac man", when the DNA in the cells is damaged. "It doesn't leave enough energy for the tight junction cells on the epithelial wall to do their work, " explains Dr. Madsen. The lining breaks down.
Any questions from health care professionals may be directed to the Medical Information line at Lundbeck Canada Inc. at Tel No. 1-866-880-4636 toll free ; or 514 ; 844-8088 local ; . Sincerely, original signed by Marie Gagn, Ph.D. Director, Medical and Clinical Department Lundbeck Canada Inc.
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Todd D Nebesio, MD, is Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics in the Section of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology at Indiana University School of Medicine IUSM ; and Riley Hospital for Children in Indianapolis, Indiana. Dr Nebesio is involved in both clinical and basic science research. He was recently honored with the Jack Metcoff Award from the Midwest Society for Pediatric Research. Dr Nebesio received his undergraduate degree from Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, in 1996. He received his MD from IUSM in 2000, and completed his pediatric residency and endocrinology fellowship at IUSM and Riley Hospital for Children.
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Consent and participated in this study, approved by the North Sheffield Research Ethics Committee. All participants were community-based out-patients, but for monitoring purposes were admitted to a psychiatric ward for 24 h. Participants had a mean age of 36 years s.d.8 ; , a mean ill s.d. 8 ; , ness duration of 14 years s.d.8 ; , a mean s.d. 8 ; , score on the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms SANS; Andreasen, 1985 ; of 11.5 s.d.2.7 ; , a Scale for the s.d. 2.7 ; , Assessment of Positive Symptoms SAPS; Andreasen, 1985 ; score of 3.6 s.d.2.1 ; s.d. 2.1 ; and a Beck Depression Inventory BDI; Beck et al, 1996 ; score of 9.5 s.d.10.3 ; . al, s.d. 10.3 ; . Eleven patients were taking oral atypical antipsychotic medication olanzapine, 6; clozapine, 4; quetiapine, 1 ; , one was taking oral typical medication sulpiride ; and four were receiving typical depot medication flupenthixol decanoate, 2; fluphenazine decanoate, 1; zuclopenthixol decanoate, 1 ; . Patients underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging MRI ; scan on a 1.5 Tesla system Eclipse, Philips Medical Systems, Ohio, USA ; using a three-dimensional acquisition technique RF-spoiled FAST; repetition time15 ms; time 15 echo time4.4 ms; acquisition matrix time 4.4 matrix 25662566190 yielding a voxel size of 25662566 1 mm3 ; which produced a T1-weighted volume dataset covering the entire brain. Scans were pre-processed using voxel-based morphometry with statistical parametric mapping SPM2 ; Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, London ; . Smoothed grey matter segmented maps were parcellated using masks created with WFP PickAtlas v1.02 Maldjian et al, al, 2003; see data supplement to online version of this paper ; . Volumes of anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex grey matter regions were obtained for each participant. Following the scan, participants wore an `Actiwatch' Cambridge Neurotechnology, UK ; measuring their cumulative activity over a 20 h period. The Actiwatch is a wrist-worn device containing a miniature uniaxial accelerometer which produces a digital integration of the amount and duration of all movement over 0.05 g. As an indicator of normal daytime activity, a study of 107 healthy 16- to 19year-old adolescents recorded mean Actiwatch readings of 162 565 s.d.68 620 ; s.d. 68 a dimensionless measure ; over a 24 h period Nancy Butte, personal communication, 2004 ; . We ran patient-wise parametric bivariate correlations between total motor activity and volumes of bilateral.
Since olanzapine may have antidepressant effects in addition to its antipsychotic properties, the purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of olanzapine in the treatment of psychotic depression.
