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Binge drinking on the weekend, over-use of prescription drugs, consuming `club drugs' at a rave, drinking more than five cups of coffee, and smoking cocaine are all potentially problematic forms of substance use. Usually when problems arise from substance use, there are a range of other factors at work. And when depression or anxiety are in the mix, substance use may be a sign of self-medicating. `Self-medicating' is using substances without physician supervision ; to attempt to dull, numb, or distract oneself from negative symptoms, pain and stress. Through substances like alcohol and other drugs, a person may be seeking to alleviate a sense of anxiety, depression, powerlessness, pain or boredom that may pervade their life. They may also be using the substances to try and relieve physical symptoms or side-effects of medications, for example, hallucinogens.
Figure 7. Photograph shows patient on treatment table after placement of mask used for fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy.
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In addition, in a small percentage of cases, mdma tablets have been found to contain other substances such as ketamine, pcp, caffeine, ephedrine, or methamphetamine.
Prices of different drug types Current prices The different drug types came in a range of saleable forms and quantities and there were large differences in the prices commonly paid Table 2 ; . Emthamphetamine and crystal methamphetamine were some of the most expensive drugs, costing approximately $100 for 0.1 of a gram known as a `point' ; . A `foil' 1.5 grams ; of cannabis was reported to cost $20. A `foil' or `tinny' of cannabis generally contains sufficient cannabis for about three joints and is often wrapped in tin foil and methylphenidate.
Chest 2000; 117 4 ; : 1146-61 enright pl, johnson lr, connett je, et al spirometry in the lung health study.
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| Methamphetamine prescriptionA regular user is defined as someone who has used methamphetamine during the month previous to the survey. Supra, note 4, Table 2.1A and methylprednisolone.
II.10. Customs Duties. Customs duties are an EU-wide tax. The main Regulations in this field are: - Council Regulation EEC ; No 2913 92 of 12 October 1992 establishing the Community Customs Code OJ L 302, 19.10.1992, p. 150 - Commission Regulation EEC ; No 2454 93 of 2 July 1993 laying down provisions for the implementation of Council Regulation EEC ; No 2913 92 establishing the Community Customs Code OJ L 253, 11.10.1993, p. 1766 and - Council Regulation EEC ; No 2658 87 of 23 July 1987 on the tariff and statistical nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff OJ L 256, 7.9.1987, p. 1675 ; . Spanish State authorities only have limited power over implementing provisions. Nevertheless, since EU Regulations on customs matters do not cover many procedural aspects of the tax, the domestic procedural rules apply on tax audits, for example ; . For customs duties purposes, the Canary Islands are part of the Common Customs Territory of the EU, and therefore when merchandise goes from the Canary Islands to the rest of Spain it is not treated as an import for customs duties purposes although it is treated as an import for VAT purposes ; . The cities of Ceuta and Melilla are not included in the Common Customs Territory of the EU, and therefore when merchandise goes from these cities to the rest of Spain it is treated as an import for customs duties purposes. Related links: Customs website: : uv ibanezs aduanero index Reference books: Lux: Guide to Community Customs legislation, Bruylant, Brussels, 2002. Pelech Zozaya: El Cdigo Aduanero Comunitario y su aplicacin en Espaa, Marcial Pons, Madrid, 1995. Galera Rodrigo: Derecho aduanero espaol y comunitario, Civitas, 1995.
MR. STEELE asserted the primary concern of OCS is the extreme effects methamphetamine has upon the behavior of children who are exposed to contaminated sites. He noted that some long-term effects of methamphetamine must be monitored for several years. CHAIR DYSON asked the number of children in need of aide CINA ; kids have come from homes where methamphetamine had been manufactured. MR. STEELE responded the Mat-Su OCS office gets about 40 reports a month that involve some aspect of methamphetamine. Last year about ten cases were taken into custody. He noted OCS often tries to ensure the safety of such children without taking legal custody. CHAIR DYSON asked him to give the committee some idea of the physical and mental problems typical of children that have been exposed to a meth lab environment. MR. STEELE said some of the problems are shortness of breath, dizziness, and fatigue. He has encountered literature that mentioned liver and kidney damage, and long-term developmental effects. SENATOR ELTON asserted the definition of a building in the provision was very broad and asked Mr. Steele if such a broad definition was appropriate to address child endangerment. JAMES STEELE responded based on his experience, he thought it was appropriate because fumes can permeate from one end of a complex to the other and thus contaminate the entire building. 2: 07: 45 BOB PETERS expressed support for SB 70. 2: 10: TIMOTHY BIRT, Department of Public Safety, testified of SB 70. Clandestine laboratories throughout the operated by people with little knowledge of chemistry unsafe laboratory practices and have little regard the safety of themselves or others including children and metoprolol.
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Administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs concomitantly with cyclosporine has been associated with an increase in cyclosporine-induced toxicity, possibly due to decreased synthesis of renal prostacyclin.
Remember, you will receive separate bills for the newborn baby's medical care. If you want to add your newborn child to your Student Health Plan coverage and receive plan benefits for the baby's expenses, contact the Cashier's Office within 60 days of the birth see page 6 ; . Newborns must be enrolled in coverage for the semester or term in which they were born. During this important time, we strongly encourage participation in Deseret Mutual's BirthWISE program. The BirthWISE program provides expert resources and clinical support in an effort to make sure you have access to sound, reliable health information for you and your baby. For example, BirthWISE provides an excellent pregnancy resource book as well as other educational materials throughout your pregnancy. In addition, BirthWISE nurses are available to answer questions, coordinate care, and offer support. Best of all, there is no additional cost for participating in the program. In fact, BirthWISE offers a financial incentive for successfully completing the program. For more information and to sign up for the program, please visit dmba nsc student student click on "Request a BirthWISE consultation" ; or call 1-877-638-2556 and
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Since april, officials have seized 27 tonnes of canadian pseudoephedrine, enough to make 2 5 tonnes of methamphetamine with a street value of about us$400-million.
Julia A. Dyer, MD, MPH, a medical consultant, is the former deputy director of the Illinois Department of Public Health. Jennifer Stolzenbach, director of volunteer services at Northwestern Hospital, is the former project director of Prevent Blindness America-Illinois Division and
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Which, in the case of pseudoephedrine, is suspended in a matrix of glycerin, polyethelyne glycol, and propylene glycol, along with other liquid substances. Regardless of the product manufacturer's labeling, a gelatin-covered solid does not constitute a "gel capsule" under this provision. c ; A pharmacy shall not sell to the same person more than three individual packages of any non-exempt product containing any immediate methamphetamine precursor, nor shall a pharmacy sell to the same person any combination of such products containing more than 9 grams of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, or their salts, isomers, or salts of isomers, during the same 30-day period. The 9 gram limit shall apply to the total amount of base ephedrine and pseudoephedrine contained in the products, and not the overall weight of the products. The prohibition contained in this subsection shall not apply to a person who obtains the product or products pursuant to a valid prescription issued by a licensed physician, certified physician assistant, or nurse authorized pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 63-6-204, who is rendering service under the supervision, control and responsibility of a licensed physician and who meets the requirements pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 63-7-207 13 ; . d ; The pharmacist, or any pharmacy technician or pharmacy intern under the supervision of the pharmacist, shall require any person purchasing a non-exempt product that contains any immediate methamphetamine precursor to present valid government-issued identification at the point of sale. The pharmacist, pharmacy technician or pharmacy intern shall maintain an electronic record of the sale under this subsection and such record may be maintained in the form of a pharmacist prescription order as provided by Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 63-10-206 c ; . The electronic record shall include the name of purchaser, name and quantity of product purchased, date purchased, purchaser identification type and number such as driver license state and number ; , and the identity such as name, initials, or identification code ; of the dispensing pharmacist, pharmacy technician or pharmacy intern. If a system is not able to record the identification type and number, the pharmacist, pharmacy technician or pharmacy intern shall write the identification type and number on the prescription order. The electronic record also shall be maintained in such a manner that allows for the determination of the equivalent number of packages purchased and total quantity of base ephedrine or pseudoephedrine purchased. In lieu of maintaining an electronic record, a pharmacy may maintain a written register containing the name of purchaser, name of product purchased, date purchased, number of packages purchased, total quantity of base ephedrine or pseudoephedrine purchased, purchaser identification type and number such as driver license state and number ; , purchaser's signature and name or initials of the pharmacist, pharmacy technician or pharmacy intern. A pharmacy choosing to maintain a written register must retain the register for at least one year. The obligation of meeting the requirements of this section rests with the pharmacist. e ; Non-exempt products containing an immediate methamphetamine precursor shall be maintained behind the counter of the pharmacy or in a locked case within view of and within 25 feet of the counter. f ; A violation of any provision of this section is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by fine only. If the person in violation is a licensed pharmacy or pharmacist, such violation shall be reported to the Board of Pharmacy for review and appropriate action. If a product is dispensed in violation of subsection a ; , the owner or operator of.
Resolved Items Recommendations regarding PDL status for drugs in the following drug classes were approved for submission to DHHS: Discussion on the following drug classes: 1. Beta-Blockers 2. Calcium Channel Blockers 3. ACE Inhibitor, Calcium Channel Blocker Combinations 4. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 5. COX-2 Inhibitors 6. Antihyperkinesis Agents and
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Memory, and on executive systems measures sensitive to fluency. These findings are the first to demonstrate that methamphetamine dependence is associated with impairments across a range of neurocognitive domains in a sample of users whose abstinence was continuously monitored with the use of urine screening. 39 UI - 12706754 AU - Miller DB AU - O'Callaghan JP IN - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. dum6 cdc.gov dum6 cdc.gov TI - Elevated environmental temperature and methamphetamine neurotoxicity. SO - Environmental Research. 2003 May; 92 1 ; : 48-53 AB - Amphetamines have been of considerable research interest for the last several decades. More recent work has renewed interest in the role of ambient temperature in both the toxicity and neurotoxicity of these drugs. We have determined that the striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity observed in the mouse is linked in some fashion to both body and environmental temperature. Most studies of d-methamphetamine d-METH ; neurotoxicity are conducted at standard laboratory ambient temperatures e.g., approximately 21-22 degrees C ; and utilizing a repeated dosage regimen e.g., three to four injections spaced 2 h apart ; . A lowering of the ambient temperature provides neuroprotection, while an elevation increases neurotoxicity. d-METH causes long-term depletions of striatal dopamine DA ; that are accompanied by other changes that are indicative of nerve terminal degeneration. These include argyrophilia, as detected by silver degeneration stains, and an elevation in glial fibrillary acidic protein GFAP ; , a marker of reactive gliosis in response to injury, as well as a long-term decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase TH ; protein levels. Here we show that increasing the ambient temperature during and for some time following dosing increases the neurotoxicity of d-METH. Mice female C57BL6 J ; given a single dosage of d-METH 20mg kg s.c. ; and maintained at the usual laboratory ambient temperature show minimal striatal damage an approximately 15% depletion of DA and an approximately 86% increase in GFAP ; . Substantial striatal damage e.g., an approximately 70% depletion of DA and an approximately 200% elevation in GFAP ; was induced by this regimen if mice were maintained at 27 degrees C for 24 or 72 following dosing. An increase in neurotoxicity was also apparent in mice kept at an elevated temperature for only 5 or 9 h, but keeping animals at 27 degrees C for 24 or 72 was the most effective in increasing the neurotoxicity of d-METH. Our data show how a relatively minor change in ambient temperature can have a major impact on the degree of neurotoxicity induced by d-METH. Single-dose regimens may aid in uncovering the as yet unknown mechanism s ; of substituted amphetamine neurotoxicity because they reduce the inherent complexity present in repeated dosage regimens. 40 UI - 12705421 AU - Newton TF AU - Cook IA AU - Kalechstein AD AU - Duran S AU - Monroy F AU - Ling W.
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Teaching at the University of Iowa A. Teaching assignments on semester by semester basis None B. C. Graduate students supervised and training of dosimetry student from Mercy Medical Center Other contributions to institutional programs University of Iowa outreach: Medical Director Radiation Oncology Clinic, Mercy Medical Center, Clinton, IA. Training of oncology nurses, staff nurses and radiation therapist D Course materials syllabi, instructional web pages, computer lab materials ; None and
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Chronic methamphe5amine abusers exhibit symptoms that can include violent behavior, anxiety, confusion, and insomnia.
The Governor's Office of Emergency Services OES ; has allocated $29.2 million statewide from the State General Fund for California Multi-jurisdictional Mmethamphetamine Enforcement Teams Cal-MMET ; . State OES has divided California's fifty-eight Sheriff's Offices into five regions. The Santa Clara County Sheriff's Office is part of the Bay Area Region, which has been allocated a total of $3, 960, 000 for the 2006 2007 fiscal year. The Bay Area Region also includes the following counties: Monterey, San Benito, Santa Cruz County, San Mateo County, San Francisco, Contra Costa, Alameda, Napa, Lake, Mendocino, Marin, and Sonoma. Each region was responsible for establishing an Advisory Board to recommend funding levels for participating counties. Santa Clara County has been allocated $330, 000 by the Bay Area Region's Advisory Board for Fiscal Year 2006 2007. It is anticipated that $3, 960, 000 or a and
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Surgery becomes more problematic when a sinus is involved, and has largely been superseded by the use of transvenous and or transarterial endovascular approaches.15 The goal of treatment is to occlude the nidus of the fistula. This requires penetration of the venous side of the fistula. In cases where multiple dural feeders are present, a trans-arterial approach can promote the formation of collateral vessels and make subsequent treatment attempts more difficult. Where a transarterial approach is adopted liquid adhesive agents may be more effective at venous penetration from the arterial side to produce a cure. A retrograde approach into the venous side of a fistula requires careful negotiation of femoral catheters through the right atrium, and then deployment of coils into the receiving sinus or cortical vein. A thorough appreciation of the cerebral venous drainage anatomy is required before considering sacrifice of a vessel. When sacrificing a dural sinus it is important to ensure that any cortical venous reflux is abolished in order to minimise the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. This technique is commonly employed to treat fistulas of the cavernous sinus via a petrosal sinus. Occasionally, a sinus may no longer communicate with an internal jugular vein because of thrombosis. In these cases a direct percutaneous approach can be successful via a burr hole Figure 2b ; or orbital cut down procedure in the case of a carotico-cavernous fistula. Radiosurgery has been used in the treatment of DAVFs. Sderman et al. treated 53 patients over a 25 year period with gamma knife radiosurgery.16 36 patients had aggressive shunts exhibiting cortical venous drainage. 19 of these presented with haemorrhage. 41 patients were followed up by formal angiography and 28 DAVFs were obliterated. The risk of haemorrhage exists however until complete obliteration has occurred. Radiosurgical treatment should therefore be considered if occlusion by surgical or endovascular means is not possible or carries unacceptable risks. Summary DAVFs can present in a variety of ways and their diagnosis can be missed on conventional cross-sectional imaging. Conventional catheter angiography remains the investigation of choice if the diagnosis is clinically suspected. A spectrum of pathology exists ranging from the benign to lifethreatening. Treatment is indicated in more aggressive disease. This is characterised by cortical venous reflux on angiographic investigations. A multi-disciplinary approach is required before considering treatment, which can be surgical, endovascular or occasionally radiosurgical.
However, the picture is significantly different with regards to the seized dosage units. While only 9, 497 dosage units were seized in 2002 and 2003 combined, as of September 2004 there have been 34, 541 dosage units of methamphettamine reported seized. 64 This is a remarkable increase which may indicate a focus on supply of methamphstamine in dosage unit form. It is likely that this is a result from the surge in popularity in `designer drugs' club rave drugs ; and the benefit that methamphetamine has enjoyed from this popularity. This is consistent with the aforementioned trend in demand of certain societal subgroups and may reflect an attempt to compliment their preference in drug consumption method ingestion in pill or capsule form and
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Part D Reconsideration Appeals Data, " Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, September 21, 2006. : cms.hhs.gov apps media press factsheet ?Counter 1972&intNumPerPage 10&checkDate &checkKey & srchType &numDays 3500&srchOpt 0&srchData &keywordType All&chkNewsType 6&intPage &showAll &pYear &year &desc &cboOrder date ; Description and Analysis of the VA National Formulary, Executive Summary, National Academy of Sciences, 2004. : books.nap execsumm pdf 9879 ; "Overview of the VA Pharmacy Benefits Management Strategic Health Care Group PBM ; , " Michael A. Valentino, R.Ph., MHSA, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, January 2007. : aei events filter.all, eventID.1447 summary ; "Overview of the VA Pharmacy Benefits Management Strategic Health Care Group PBM ; , " Michael A. Valentino, R.Ph., MHSA, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, January 2007. : aei events filter.all, eventID.1447 summary.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics amiloride hcl 1 amiloride hctz 1 DYRENIUM 3 triamterene hydrochlorothiazide 1 Thiazide Diuretics chlorothiazide 1 DIURIL 3 hydrochlorothiazide 1 methyclothiazide 1 NATURETIN 3 Thiazide-Like Diuretics chlorthalidone 1 indapamide 1 metolazone 1 THALITONE 3 Vasodilating Agents, Miscellaneous papaverine hcl 1 papaverine hcl er 1 para-time 1 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AGENTS Amphetamines ADDERALL XR 3 amphetamine salt combo 1 CONCERTA 3 DAYTRANA 4 DESOXYN 4 dextroamphetamine sulfate 1 dextrostat 1 FOCALIN 4 FOCALIN XR 4 METADATE CD 3 METADATE ER 3 methamphetamine hcl 1 METHYLIN 3 METHYLIN ER 3 methylphenidate hcl 1 methylphenidate hcl er 1 PROVIGIL 4 PA RITALIN LA 3 Central Nervous System Agents, Misc. AZILECT 3 EMSAM 4 Supplemental Benefit 27.
Results a substantial proportion of the patients in all three groups reported mood and behavioral problems, sleep problems, and changes in perceived health during the previous year table 1.
No single animal health product or category of products accounted for more than 10% of net revenue in 2004, 2003 or 200 corporate segment corporate is responsible for the treasury, tax and legal operations of the company's businesses and maintains and or incurs certain assets, liabilities, income, expenses, gains and losses related to the overall management of the company which are not allocated to the other reportable segments, for example, fergie meth.
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TABLE 3. Frequency of impairment for methamphetamine users and matched control subjects by neuropsychological domain percentages ; Controls n 18 ; 11 Methamphetamind Users n 27 ; 22 important to note that no controlled studies have documented the time course of methamphetamine withdrawal in human subjects. Although we considered a host of factors that potentially moderate performance on neurocognitive tests, preclinical research has shown that the dopaminergic system is affected for months after cessation of methamphetamine use.6, 7 Therefore, undetected factors related to withdrawal might have affected test performance for this sample. Conversely, in a sample of 15 detoxified methamphetamine-dependent individuals, Volkow and colleagues reported that methamphetamine-dependent individuals demonstrate poor test performance even after 12 months of abstinence.15 Their work suggests that the impairments observed during the early phases of abstinence are relatively stable. While these findings preliminarily show that methamphetamine dependence is associated with neurocognitive impairment, several limitations should be noted. The sample size was not large enough to identify risk factors or protective factors that might distinguish between impaired and nonimpaired methamphetaminedependent subjects. Likely factors that should be considered in future studies include the amount, frequency, and duration of use of methamphetamine, and demographic factors, such as age, education, and socioeconomic status. The sample size also limits the degree to which these findings are generalizable to methamphetamine-dependent individuals with different demo.
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Shumaker SA, Legault C, Rapp SR, et al. Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003; 289 20 ; : 2651-62. International Food Information Council. Worth the risk: putting activities in perspective. November December 1999. Available at: : ific foodinsight 1999 nd worthriskfi699 . Accessed March 25, 2004. therapy for breast cancer survivors. A pilot study. Cancer 1995; 76: 2075-8.
G.S. Ahluwalia et al. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1982 31 665 T.J. Torphy et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1992 276 1798 Y. Takase et al. J. Med. Chem. 1994 37 2106 M. Hagiwara et al. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1984 228 467 P. Wang et al. Life Sci. 2001 68 1977 A.E. Granovsky and N.O. Artemyev J. Biol. Chem. 2000 275 41258 L. Fawcett et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000 97 3702 C. Gardner et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000 272 186 C. Schudt et al. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 1999 12 123.
Several recent journal articles have examined the deleterious effects of methamphetamine "crystal" ; use in people with HIV, including a review of patterns of use and impact on HIV disease progression by Anthony Urbina, MD, and Kristina Jones published in the March 15, 2004 issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases. Research has shown that crystal use is associated with unprotected sex, and use of shared needles to inject the drug also contributes to HIV transmission. Laboratory and animal studies have shown that methamphetamine accelerates retrovirus replication, and the drug appears to impair immunological function. Urbina and Jones concluded that "methamphetamine abuse represents a new challenge in HIV treatment and prevention." In the December 15, 2003 issue of JAIDS, Dianne Langford, PhD, and colleagues from UCSD reported that methamphetamine worsens damage to brain cells in individuals with HIV-related encephalitis, a progressive condition characterized by cognitive and motor impairment. The researchers studied the brains of 77 individuals who had died of AIDS. The brains of methamphetamine users showed greater loss of specific subsets of neurons especially in the frontal cerebral cortex ; , more neuronal degeneration, a reduced number of synapses, and greater proliferation of support cells called microglia. Surprisingly, however, a review of the subjects' medical records revealed that fewer methamphetamine users than nonusers had been diagnosed with HIV-related encephalitis. The same week in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, Ronald Ellis, MD, and colleagues also with the UCSD team ; reported results from a study of 230 men showing that current methamphetamine users had significantly higher HIV blood viral loads than either previous users or those who had never used the drug nonusers past users responded as well as nonusers. Among men on HAART, 39% of current users, 59% of past users, and 62% of nonusers had undetectable blood viral loads. CSF viral loads were also somewhat higher in current users. Notably, the difference was apparent only in methamphetamine users receiving HAART, leading the researchers to suggest that methamphetamine use may reduce the effectiveness.
Table 8. Number of drugs used at enrollment Drug choice Metyamphetamine only Meth plus 1 other A&D use Meth plus 2 other A&D use Total Frequency 3178 5242 9064 Percent 18.2 30.0 51.8 For those where methamphetamine was not their primary substance of choice but were receiving treatment for another drug and methamphetamine, their primary substance was: alcohol 43% ; , marijuana hashish 27% ; , opiates 22% ; , and cocaine 7% ; . When examining all other substances for which methamphetamine users primary or otherwise ; were receiving treatment, the most common poly-substances were: alcohol 37% ; , marijuana hashish 35% ; , cocaine 12% ; , opiates 11% ; , and other substances 6% ; . Route of admission for methamphetamines. There are several routes to administer methamphetamine. Overall, 38% of primary methamphetamine users injected the drug, either in muscle or in the vein. The second most common route of admission was smoking 35.
Fig. 6. Electropherogram of extracted human plasma containing 10 mol L sulpiride to which seven amino acids and nine other drugs were added concentrations are given in the text.
The School Nurse Emergency Care Course SNEC ; is a revision of a curricular program developed in 1995 by the University of Connecticut that was called School Nurse Emergency Medical Services for Children SNEMS-C ; . The original program was the collaborative product of professionals across the country who shared their expertise and gave willingly of their time to create an emergency care program for school nurses. In December 1995, Illinois Emergency Medical Services for Children sent 4 nurses to Connecticut to participate in an SNEMS-C Train-the-Trainer workshop. Nineteen teams of instructors representing 16 states underwent training at this workshop, then brought the program back to their own states for replication. Illinois EMSC began sponsoring the course locally in 1996 under the name School Nurse Emergency Care Course. From the beginning, the course has been well received by school nurses throughout the state. A strong partnership between the emergency nurses and school nurses who teach the course has contributed to its success, as each lend a unique perspective to the course. The Illinois EMSC Advisory Board supports inclusion of the course into primary and continuing education for school nurses. Illinois EMSC brought together a committee comprising both emergency nurses and school nurses to revise the SNEC course, updating the material to ensure consistency with current practice and reformatting the text for ease of use. This second edition of the School Nurse Emergency Care Course will continue to help school nurses develop the essential skills and knowledge base they need to provide optimum care during pediatric emergencies within the school environment.